Congenital Kidney problems

Congenital Kidney problems
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Congenital Kidney problems
Posted in 2015

Congenital diseases of the kidney are renal conditions with which a child is born. These conditions are passed down through genetics. Some of the most prevalent congenital diseases of the kidney include:
  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKD is a genetic condition in which multiple cysts (abnormal sacs containing fluid) grow in the kidneys. If not properly treated and managed, PKD can lead to kidney failure. There are two types of PKD:
    • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Representing about 90 percent of all PKD cases, symptoms of ADPKD typically present between the ages of 30 and 40. However, some patients do develop symptoms as children.
    • Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). ARPKD is the more rare form of PKD. Symptoms of this condition begin very early in life, even while still in the womb.
  • Unilateral renal agenesis (URA). In this condition, one of the kidneys fails to develop in utero. Most individuals with unilateral renal agenesis live healthy, normal lives with little complications.
  • Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA). In this condition, both kidneys fail to develop in utero.
The main symptoms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) include:
  • High blood pressure
  • Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
  • Hematuria
  • Frequent urination
  • Pain in the sides
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Kidney stones
Other symptoms of PKD are:
  • Pain or heaviness in the back
  • Skin that bruises easily
  • Pale skin color
  • Fatigue
  • Joint pain
  • Fingernail and toenail abnormalities, such as horizontal ridges across the nails, nails that are somewhat spoon-shaped and concave or white streaks and spots
Symptoms of unilateral renal agenesis (URA) include:
  • High blood pressure
  • Proteinuria
  • Developmental defects in the inner ear, genital tract, head or vertebrae
  • Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures the kidneys’ ability to filter waste
  • Swelling in the face, hands or legs
  • Hematuria
  • Foamy urine
Appearing in newborns, symptoms of bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) include:
  • Widely separated eyes with skin folds over the upper eyelids
  • Ears that are set low
  • Nose that is pressed flat and broad
  • Receding chin
  • Limb defects
My advise
1....   Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract anatomy (CAKUT) are common in children and represent approximately 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations. CAKUT is phenotypically variable and can affect the kidney(s) alone and/or the lower urinary tract. 
2...    The spectrum includes more common anomalies such as vesicoureteral reflux and, rarely, more severe malformations such as bilateral renal agenesis. In young children, congenital anomalies are the leading cause of kidney failure and for kidney transplantation or dialysis
3....   CAKUT can also lead to significant renal problems in adulthood and may present itself with hypertension and/or proteinuria. Congenital renal anomalies can be sporadic or familial, syndromic (also affecting nonrenal or non-urinary tract tissues), or nonsyndromic. 
4....   Genetic causes have been identified for the syndromic forms and have shed some light into the molecular mechanisms of kidney development in human beings. The genetic causes for the more common nonsyndromic forms of CAKUT are unknown.
5...    The couple should think positively n dream for healthy child before conceiving can avoid birth defects.
6...     Eat healthy food and drink sufficient water
7...     Couple should be happy before conceiving n till delivery

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