Smoking is the cause of Birth defects

Smoking is the cause of Birth defects



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Smoking is the cause of Birth defects
Posted in 2013

Experts have long suspected that  smoking cigarettes was unhealthy for mother and baby. Indeed, cigarette labels already include the federally mandated warning that "smoking during pregnancy can harm your baby."
For the review, researchers culled 50 years of research on smoking and birth defects, narrowing their focus to just 172 studies.
They extracted data from those studies and pooled the numbers to create a big-picture look at birth defects related to cigarette smoking.
Babies born to mothers who smoked had roughly 20% to 30% higher odds of having shortened or missing arms and legs, cleft lips and cleft palates, and abnormally shaped heads or faces compared to babies born to nonsmoking mothers.
"These defects last a lifetime," says study researcher Allan Hackshaw, deputy director of the University College London  Cancer Center in the U.K. "They can be fixed to some extent, but they're visible on the baby and infants and more or less for life."
Maternal smoking was associated with a 27% excess risk of gastrointestinal abnormalities, including problems with the throat, esophagus, colic,  intestine, bile ducts, gall bladder, and liver.
Additionally, infants born to smokers had 50% higher odds of being born with their intestines  hanging outside the body and a 20% increased risk of being born with a blocked or closed anus.
Smoking accounted for a 9% increased risk of heart defects and a 13% higher risk that baby boys would be born with undescended testes.
The study is published in Human Reproduction Update
My advise
1...  When any body is regular a smoker then he may face with many health problems including Cancer.
2...  So the couple when they want to give birth to Healthy child should quit their habit of smoking.

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